Section: Module 2: Lesson 1: Descriptive Measures of Mortality and Morbidity | Epidemiology | NextGenU.org
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Learning Objectives:
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
- Describe and provide examples of measures of morbidity and mortality used in epidemiology
- Interpret and calculate basic epidemiological measures used to describe the health of a population including measures of morbidity and mortality
- Interpret and distinguish between incidence and prevalence
- Understand vital registration systems and discuss their limitations
- Understand the relationships between population health measures and different population characteristics, such as total fertility rate and income over time
- Find and interpret health indicator data
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Read the entire report to to examine measures of morbidity and mortality in the epidemiological study of lung cancer.
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Read Lesson 3, pages 3-1 to 3-38 and complete Exercises 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.6. Once you are familiar with the material, complete questions 1-5, 8-13, and 17-22 in the "Self-Assessment Quiz" found on pages 3-56 to 3-61.
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Watch the video titled "Lecture 4: Descriptive Epidemiology III" and follow along with the discussion.
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Read the entire module to reinforce your understanding of different epidemiological measures and understand the difference between incidence and prevalence.
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Read pages 15 to 28 in "Chapter 2: Measuring Health and Disease" and answer 'Study questions' 2.1 and 2.2.
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Read the discussion paper titled "Fertility and Income" and reflect on the complex relationship between income, fertility, and health.
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In this activity, you will explore and become familiar with health statistics in an international database and learn more about the various indicators of mortality and morbidity.
Step 1: Access the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory data repository.
Select a country of interest from the list on the left and explore the various national health indicators included in the data repository. Choose 5 health indicators of interest (including at least one indicator related to an infectious disease (e.g. TB), at least one indicator related to a non-communicable disease (e.g. cancer), and at least one indicator related to mortality.)
Step 2: Create a simple table like the one outlined below. Click on the indicator name in order to learn more about it and to complete your table.
Indicator name
Unit of measure
Data type (i.e. count, rate etc.)
Preferred data source for indicator (i.e. census etc.)
Possible limitations of the indicator
Step 3: In 200 to 400 words, discuss how these national health indicators could be used to influence public health practice in your country. (e.g., could they contribute to resource allocation decisions, or program evaluations, or other aspects?). Please discuss any aspect of the application of national health indicator data to public health policy or programming. The discussion is open to creativity!
Step 4: Review your work by asking yourself the questions listed below and then revise your document accordingly before final submission to ensure you capture the self-evaluation questions:
- Have I selected and discussed 5 health indicators, making sure to include one related to an infectious disease, one related to a non-communicable disease, and one related to mortality?
- Have I identified and written about possible limitations for each health indicator?
- Have I discussed how national health indicator data can be applied to public health policy or programming, using my own words and understanding?
- Is my assignment within the word limit, containing a minimum of 200 and a maximum of 400 words?
Use these questions as a guide to critically evaluate your own work, ensuring that it is comprehensive, clearly articulated, and meets the length requirements. After completing your self-assessment and revising as necessary, submit your final document to the appropriate section of the course platform.
Step 5: Submit your assignment by clicking “add a new discussion topic” below and completing the fields.
OPTIONAL Step 6: Interact (10 minutes)
If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”
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Quiz 2: Module 2 (new)
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Incidence and prevalence are both vitally important concepts in epidemiology and in public health but they are often confused by the media and individuals in the general public (and sometimes even by experts). How would you describe the difference to an individual with no public health or epidemiological training?
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How can incidence data be useful to a public health planner who is concerned about the resources needed to treat future patients with a given disease? How can prevalence data be useful to the planner?
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Read the article to learn more about the impact of economic development on various outcomes including fertility, child mortality, and the demographic transition.
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Access the database, and explore the various health indicators across different countries of the world.
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Watch the video titled "The Seemingly Impossible is Possible" to enhance your understanding of the potential implications of epidemiological data. You can also access the Gapminder tool (http://www.gapminder.org/world) in order to visualize how different indicators relate to each other over time
- Describe and provide examples of measures of morbidity and mortality used in epidemiology