Section: Module 8: Lesson 4: Equilibrium Calculations | General Chemistry 1 | NextGenU.org
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Student Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
- Write equations representing changes in concentration and pressure for chemical species in equilibrium systems.
- Use algebra to perform various types of equilibrium calculations.
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Students mustMark as done
Required Learning Resources and Activities
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Students mustView
Read under the sections "Learning Objectives" to "Key Concepts and Summary" inclusive. (36 minutes)
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Students mustViewStart discussions: 1
General Instructions
In this learning activity, you will reflect on all you have learned about chemical equilibrium and write equations representing changes in concentration and pressure for chemical species in equilibrium systems, calculate values of reaction quotients and equilibrium constants using concentration and pressure, use algebra to perform different equilibrium calculations, and determine the response of a stressed equilibrium using Le Chatelier’s principle. To successfully achieve this, you will need to review all the study materials for module three on atomic theory and structure.
Step 1: Select and Reflect
Select one of the topics below and demonstrate your understanding of them in theoretical and practical settings.
- Equilibrium calculations
- Equilibrium constants
- Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle
Step 2: Respond
Using supporting data for your arguments, prepare a 300-350 word written piece which discusses any of the following:
Given the reaction: A + B <-> C + D, what equations can be written to represent changes in the concentrations and pressures of species A, B, C, and D as the system approaches equilibrium?
Given a reaction with Kp = 2.3x10^4 atm at 298 K, calculate the reaction quotient, Q, and equilibrium constant, Kc, of the reaction when the reaction mixture has a concentration of [CO2] = 0.0032 M and [CO] = 0.0045 M and a pressure of 1.2 atm.
Scenario:
A chemist is tasked with determining the equilibrium concentrations of a chemical reaction.
Using algebra, the chemist sets up an equation to represent the reaction, using the concentration of each species' concentration as variables. The chemist then uses the reaction equation to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of the substances involved in the reaction.
Questions:
1. What chemical equation is used to represent the reaction?
2. How is the equation used to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of the substances involved in the reaction?
3. What other factors must be taken into consideration when performing equilibrium calculations?Case Scenario:
An experiment is conducted to examine the response of a stressed equilibrium when Le Chatelier’s principle is applied. A chemical reaction is used to represent the equilibrium, and the following reaction is written:
A + B ⇌ C + D
To begin, the reaction is initially set up in its equilibrium state, with the reactants and products present in their equilibrium concentrations. The system is then subjected to a stress, such as a change in temperature, pressure, or concentration of one of the reactants or products. The response of the system can then be observed to determine how the equilibrium has shifted in response to the stress.
To determine the response of a stressed equilibrium using Le Chatelier’s principle, it is important to observe the changes that occur in the system. If the stress is an increase in temperature, for instance, the reaction rate will increase, leading to an increase in the concentration of the products. On the other hand, if the stress is a decrease in the concentration of one of the reactants, the reaction rate will decrease, leading to a decrease in the concentration of the products.
Question:
1. What will happen to the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products if the pressure is increased?
Step 3: Share
To share your work, click on the “Add a new discussion topic” button under this post and paste your work into the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B.: references are excluded from word counts).
Step 4: Interact
To complete the activity, evaluate and categorize the work from one of your peers based on items A - E of the rubric below. Provide a rationale for the grade you have provided and comments or suggestions for improvement. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback, and click “Post to forum.” You can use the list below as an example:
Item A is .…. because….. My suggestions for improvement are….
Item B is .…. because…. My suggestions for improvement are….
Item C is .…. because…. My suggestions for improvement are….
Item D is .…. because…. My suggestions for improvement are….
Item E is .…. because…. My suggestions for improvement are….OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)
If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”
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Quiz: Module 8
To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
TO PASS THIS QUIZ YOU MUST OBTAIN A SCORE OF 80%.
- Write equations representing changes in concentration and pressure for chemical species in equilibrium systems.