Learning Objectives:

• Articulate the social and humanistic factors affecting the health of patients who are incarcerated or formerly incarcerated, including their experiences in society at large, and the health care system in particular.
  
• Describe ethical dilemmas that can emerge for clinical practitioners caring for patients who are incarcerated or were formerly incarcerated.
  
• Demonstrate critical thinking about the needs of patients who face health disadvantages because of incarceration status and associated stigmas and articulate creative approaches to clinical care that are sensitive to the challenges they face.
• Compare the difference between the minimum care a physician is obligated to provide within a criminal justice setting from the standard they are held to in the free world and describe measures that you could take as a physician to anticipate and meet the health needs of incarcerated or formerly incarcerated patients (see in particular the AMA Journal of Ethics case study.