Section: Module 2: Lesson 7: Position Argument: Practicing the Art of Rhetoric | Writing for Health Sciences | NextGenU.org

  • Student Learning Outcomes:
    Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
    • Apply key rhetorical concepts to presenting a position argument, understand how these conventions are shaped by purpose, culture, and reasoning, and identify different types of evidence used in a position argument.
    • Analyze rhetorical and cultural contexts, verbal and nonverbal elements, and conventions shaped by purpose, language, culture, and expectation when reading and writing about position and argument.
    • Demonstrate effective brainstorming, drafting, collaborating, revising, and editing processes when composing a position argument that integrates the writer's ideas with appropriate sources.
    • Implement transitional words and phrases and genre conventions in paragraphs and transitions, evaluate feedback and understand citation conventions and intellectual property concepts, and reflect on the writing process, reasoning, and critical-thinking skills used in developing a paper.
    Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 7 hours and 10 minutes.

    • Required Learning Resources and Activities
    • Read the entire page. (2 minutes)

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    • Read the entire page. ( 8 minutes)

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    • Read the entire page. (6 minutes)

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    • Instructions:

      • Read the questions carefully. Make sure you understand what the question is asking.

      • Gather your thoughts. What do you know about the topic of the question? What are your thoughts and opinions on the matter?

      • Write a brief outline of your response. This will help you to organize your thoughts and make sure you cover all of the important points.

      • Write your response. Be sure to answer the question directly and provide evidence to support your claims. 

      • Proofread your response. Make sure there are no errors in grammar or spelling.

      • Be open to feedback. Ask your classmates for feedback on your responses. This will help you to improve your writing skills and learn from your mistakes.

      Here are some additional tips for answering discussion questions:

      • Be clear and concise. Your response should be easy to understand and follow.

      • Use evidence to support your claims. This could include quotes from the text, statistics, or your own personal experiences.

      • Be respectful of other people's opinions. Even if you disagree with someone, you can still be respectful of their point of view.

      Questions

      1. If you were to turn on the television today, what current topics might make interesting opinion columns?
      2. How might Blow’s use of graphics as evidence help support a point in a column?
      3. What kinds of graphics could you use to support the topic(s) you identified in question #1?
      4. Do you agree or disagree with Blow’s claim that visuals should be simple and easily digestible rather than complex? Explain your thinking.
      5. Blow calls himself a “trendspotter.” In your college, your town, or the country as a whole, what is a current trend that might interest Blow?
    • Read the entire page. (12 minutes)

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    • Read the entire page. (26 minutes)

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    • Instructions:

      • Read the questions carefully. Make sure you understand what the question is asking.

      • Gather your thoughts. What do you know about the topic of the question? What are your thoughts and opinions on the matter?

      • Write a brief outline of your response. This will help you to organize your thoughts and make sure you cover all of the important points.

      • Write your response. Be sure to answer the question directly and provide evidence to support your claims. 

      • Proofread your response. Make sure there are no errors in grammar or spelling.

      • Be open to feedback. Ask your classmates for feedback on your responses. This will help you to improve your writing skills and learn from your mistakes.

      Here are some additional tips for answering discussion questions:

      • Be clear and concise. Your response should be easy to understand and follow.

      • Use evidence to support your claims. This could include quotes from the text, statistics, or your own personal experiences.

      • Be respectful of other people's opinions. Even if you disagree with someone, you can still be respectful of their point of view.

      Questions

      1. For what purpose might Johnson have chosen to address the American people under the guise of a graduation address?
      2. What parts of Johnson’s speech show that he is trying to connect with the students in the audience?
      3. For what reasons has Johnson singled out the cities, countryside, and schools as the locations of his Great Society?
      4. Johnson acknowledges one main counterclaim to the ideas proposed in the Great Society. How does Johnson address that counterclaim?
      5. In today’s political climate, Johnson’s Great Society might be labeled by some as socialism, an economic system in which production, distribution, and exchange of goods are owned or governed by the community as a whole rather than by individuals. In what way might Johnson have responded to this counterclaim?
      6. Johnson ends with a reference to the founders of the country and says, “You can make their vision our reality.” In your opinion, does he adequately explain what he means by “our reality?” Why or why not?
    • Read the entire page. (50 minutes)

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    • IMPORTANT 

      Make sure to carefully read and follow the instructions while completing the tasks. Once you have finished activity 10.5, proceed to section 10.7 Evaluation: Varied Appeals. This section provides rubric tools for self-evaluation and evaluating the work of your classmates. After completing the evaluation, move on to section 10.8 Spotlight on … Citation, where you will encounter new challenges to showcase your content. Finally, go to section 10.9 Portfolio: Growth in the Development of Argument to find useful tools, recommendations, and reflections for creating your portfolio. Afterward, move on to the next Module. 

      Now, let's get started! Using the following template, share your tasks, taking into account the order of the different sections detailed chronologically.

      Summary of Assignment

      Write a position argument on a controversial issue that you choose. If you are free to choose your own topic, consider one of the following:

      The legal system would be strengthened if ______________________.

      The growing use of technology in college classrooms is weakening _____________.

      For safety reasons, public signage should be _________________.

      For entrance into college, standardized testing _________________________.

      In relation to the cost of living, the current minimum wage _______________________.

      During a pandemic, America __________________________.

      As a requirement to graduate, college students __________________________.

      To guarantee the truthfulness of their content, social media platforms have the right to _________________.

      To ensure the inclusive and diverse representation of people of all races, learning via virtual classrooms _________________.

      Segments of American cultures have differing rules of acceptable grammar, so in a college classroom ___________________.

      In addition, if you have the opportunity to choose your own topic and wish to search further, take the lead from trailblazer Charles Blow and look to media for newsworthy “trends.” Find a controversial issue that affects you or people you know, and take a position on it. As you craft your argument, identify a position opposing yours, and then refute it with reasoning and evidence. Be sure to gather information on the issue so that you can support your position sensibly with well-developed ideas and evidence.

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      Compose

      Drafting begins when you organize your evidence or research notes and then put them into some kind of written form. As you write, focus on building body paragraphs through the techniques presented in Reasoning Strategies: Improving Critical Thinking that show you how to support your position and then add evidence. Using a variety of evidence types builds credibility with readers. Remember that the recursiveness of the writing process allows you to move from composing to gathering evidence and back to brainstorming ideas or to organizing your draft at any time. Move around the writing process as needed.

      Keep in mind that a first draft is just a beginning—you will revise it into better work in later drafts. Your first draft is sometimes called a discovery draft because you are discovering how to shape your paper: which ideas to include, and how to support those ideas. These suggestions and the graphic organizer may be helpful for your first draft:

      • Write your thesis at the top of the paper.

      • Compose your body paragraphs: those that support your argument through reasoning strategies and those that address counterclaims.

      • Leave your introduction, conclusion, and title for later drafts.

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    • Read the entire page. (7 minutes)

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    • Read the entire page. (6 minutes)

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    • Read the entire page. (6 minutes)

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    • Read the entire page. (2 minutes)

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