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Organic Chemistry 2
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The Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
Introduction
Course Registration
Peer Corner
Pre-Test
Announcements
Module 1: Lesson 1: Carboxylic Acids
'Carboxylic Acids'
Module 1: Lesson 2: Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids
Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
Module 1: Lesson 3: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
'Carboxylic Acid Derivatives'
Chemistry of Amines
Reactions of Amines (continued)
The Leuckart Reaction
Module 1: Lesson 4: Alpha Substitution Reactions
Carbonyl Condensations - The Aldol Reaction
Module 1: Lesson 5: Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
Decarboxylation
The Claisen Condensation Reaction
Conjugate Addition and Elimination
Carboxylation
Synthesis, Derivatives, and Reactions of Carboxylic Acids (1 hour)
Module 2: Lesson 1: Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones
Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
Module 2: Lesson 2: Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones
Oxidation of Alcohols
Alkylation and Acylation of Aromatic Rings - The Friedel-Crafts Reaction
Dihydroxylation of Alkenes
Ozonolysis of Alkenes and Alkynes
Module 2: Lesson 3: Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones
Formation of hydrates, hemiacetals, acetals
Reaction with Primary Amines to form Imines
Cyanohydrin Formation
Addition of Hydrides to Aldehydes and Ketones
The Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
Oxidation of Aldehydes
Synthesis, Properties, and Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones (1 hour)
Module 3: Lesson 1: General Principles of the α-hydrogen on aldehydes and ketones.
Acidity of a-Hydrogens
Module 3: Lesson 2. Enolate Chemistry
Steric Hindrance
Acidity of Aldehydes and Ketones: Enolate Ions
Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Enolate Anions
Keto-Enol Tautomerism
Alpha-carbon Reactions
α-Carbon Reactions in the Synthesis Lab - Kinetic vs. Thermodynamic Alkylation Products
Alpha Halogenation of Carbonyls
Enolate alkylation
Module 3: Lesson 3: Aldol Reactions
Introduction - Stereoselectivity
Diastereoselective
The aldol reaction
Module 4: Lesson 1: Nomenclature, Aromaticity and Aromatic Structure
Benzene and Aromaticity
Nomencalture of Aromatic Compounds
Module 4: Lesson 2: Structure and Stability of Benzene
Bond Strength and Bond Length
The Bonding in Benzene
Benzene’s Unusual Stability
Module 4: Lesson 3: Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule
Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule
Module 4: Lesson 4: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, Aromatic Nitration, Aromatic Slfonation
Aromatic Substitution Reactions
Module 4: Lesson 5: Aromatic Substitution Reactions Part II
Aromatic Substitution Reactions Part II
Reactions of Substituent Groups
Reactions of Fused Benzene Rings
Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination & Addition Reactions of Benzene Derivatives
Nomenclature and Reactions of Aromatic Compounds (1 hour)
Module 5: Lesson 1: Proteins and Peptides
Structure and Properties of Amino Acids
Peptide Bond Formation
Structure of Amides
Proteins and Their Functions- An Overview
Zwitterion
Proteins
Module 5: Lesson 2: Amino Acids
'Amino Acids'
Amino Acid Structure
Amino Acids, the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation, and Isoelectric Points
Module 5: Lesson 3: Phosphorus-Containing Compounds
Organo-phosphorus Compounds
The Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus-Containing Compounds (1 hour)
Module 6: Lesson 1: Principles of Molecular Spectroscopy
Electromagnetic Radiation
Module 6: Lesson 2: NMR Spectroscopy
¹H NMR Spectra and Interpretation (Part I)
¹H NMR Spectra and Interpretation (Part II)
Module 6: Lesson 3: Carbon NMR Spectroscopy
¹³C NMR Spectroscopy
Module 6: Lesson 4: Supplemental NMR Topics
Magnetic Properties of Nuclei. Nuclear Spin
Relaxation
The Power of the Fourier Transform for Spectroscopists
The Basis for Differences in Chemical Shift
Module 6: Lesson 5: Infrared Spectroscopy
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
IR-Active and IR-Inactive Vibrations
Module 6: Lesson 6: UV-Visible Spectroscopy
Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy
Module 6: Lesson 7: Mass Spectroscopy
Mass Spectrometry
Module 7: Lesson 1: Basic Concepts of Separation
Pure Substances and Mixtures
Methods for Separating Mixtures
Module 7: Lesson 2: Equilibrium Separations
Step-by-Step Procedures For Extractions
'Distillation'
Separation techniques: Chromatography
HPLC - Normal Phase vs Reverse Phase HPLC - Animated
Techniques of Separation and Purification (1 hour)
Final Exam
Course and Self Evaluation & Certificate
Course Activities
Learning Activities
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Module 2: Lesson 3: Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones
The Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
The Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
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Course Registration
Peer Corner
Pre-Test
Announcements
'Carboxylic Acids'
Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
'Carboxylic Acid Derivatives'
Chemistry of Amines
Reactions of Amines (continued)
The Leuckart Reaction
Carbonyl Condensations - The Aldol Reaction
Decarboxylation
The Claisen Condensation Reaction
Conjugate Addition and Elimination
Carboxylation
Synthesis, Derivatives, and Reactions of Carboxylic Acids (1 hour)
Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones
Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
Oxidation of Alcohols
Alkylation and Acylation of Aromatic Rings - The Friedel-Crafts Reaction
Dihydroxylation of Alkenes
Ozonolysis of Alkenes and Alkynes
Formation of hydrates, hemiacetals, acetals
Reaction with Primary Amines to form Imines
Cyanohydrin Formation
Addition of Hydrides to Aldehydes and Ketones
Oxidation of Aldehydes
Synthesis, Properties, and Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones (1 hour)
Acidity of a-Hydrogens
Steric Hindrance
Acidity of Aldehydes and Ketones: Enolate Ions
Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Enolate Anions
Keto-Enol Tautomerism
Alpha-carbon Reactions
α-Carbon Reactions in the Synthesis Lab - Kinetic vs. Thermodynamic Alkylation Products
Alpha Halogenation of Carbonyls
Enolate alkylation
Introduction - Stereoselectivity
Diastereoselective
The aldol reaction
Benzene and Aromaticity
Nomencalture of Aromatic Compounds
Bond Strength and Bond Length
The Bonding in Benzene
Benzene’s Unusual Stability
Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule
Aromatic Substitution Reactions
Aromatic Substitution Reactions Part II
Reactions of Substituent Groups
Reactions of Fused Benzene Rings
Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination & Addition Reactions of Benzene Derivatives
Nomenclature and Reactions of Aromatic Compounds (1 hour)
Structure and Properties of Amino Acids
Peptide Bond Formation
Structure of Amides
Proteins and Their Functions- An Overview
Zwitterion
Proteins
'Amino Acids'
Amino Acid Structure
Amino Acids, the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation, and Isoelectric Points
Organo-phosphorus Compounds
The Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus-Containing Compounds (1 hour)
Electromagnetic Radiation
¹H NMR Spectra and Interpretation (Part I)
¹H NMR Spectra and Interpretation (Part II)
¹³C NMR Spectroscopy
Magnetic Properties of Nuclei. Nuclear Spin
Relaxation
The Power of the Fourier Transform for Spectroscopists
The Basis for Differences in Chemical Shift
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
IR-Active and IR-Inactive Vibrations
Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy
Mass Spectrometry
Pure Substances and Mixtures
Methods for Separating Mixtures
Step-by-Step Procedures For Extractions
'Distillation'
Separation techniques: Chromatography
HPLC - Normal Phase vs Reverse Phase HPLC - Animated
Techniques of Separation and Purification (1 hour)
Learning Activities
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