Section: Module 1: Lesson 1: The History of Research and Evolution of Key Terminologies | Research Methods for Health Sciences | NextGenU.org

  • Student Learning Outcomes:
    • Describe terms such as epistemology, empirical research, variables, units of analysis, and others.
    • Describe the concept and process of the scientific method.
    • Give specific examples of how the scientific method has contributed to the development of modern society.
    Approximate time required to complete the readings (at 144 words/minute) and assignments for this module: 7 hours and 7 minutes.

    Click here to start this lesson

    • Required Learning Resources and Activities
    • Read the entire page. (28 minutes)

      University of Southern California - 2020

    • Read the entire page except for the "References" section. (35 minutes)

      PLOS Computational Biology - 2019

    • Read the key takeaway titles under Roots of the Scientific Method. (11 minutes)

      Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - 2015

    • Read the following sections: 8. Technological Revolution” and 9. Sustainability Revolution. (33 minutes)

      University of Southampton, United Kingdom - 2021

    • Read the entire webpage and watch the entire video The video explores how science leads to new developments of addiction medicines. (60 minutes)

    • In this activity, you will select a date or an event in the given “development of modern society” timeline and will analyze how the scientific method has contributed to the selected date/event.

      Step 1: Review

      Review this timeline of human conditions: milestones in evolution and history. Select one date or event under sections “8. Technological Revolution” and “9. Sustainability Revolution.”

      Step 2: Analyze

      Analyze the role of the scientific method in the emergence and development of the selected event/date. Focus on the following key questions:

      • What is the most prominent or distinctive feature/ element of the selected event/ date?
          • Example: 2019 - first case of COVID-19 coronavirus (Wuhan, China, 1/12/2019) → pandemic, triggering unprecedented lockdowns of nations and societies worldwide.

      • Is the event deemed to be a positive event or a negative event?
      • How is the scientific method utilized or related to this event? Give specific examples.
      • Does the use of scientific methods have a positive impact on the event? Give specific examples.

      Step 3: Respond

      Write a 300-500 word discussion post that answers all the questions in Step 2.

      Step 4: Share

      To share your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

      OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

      If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

    • Recommended Additional Readings
    • Read the information under the headings "Scientific Method" and "Discourse on scientific method". (16 minutes)

      Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - 2021