Section: Module 2: Lesson 2: Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones | Organic Chemistry 2

Section: Module 2: Lesson 2: Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones | Organic Chemistry 2 | NextGenU.org

Student Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of this module, students you will be able to:

Explain the use of PCC and Jones' reagents for the oxidation of 1º- and 2º-alcohols and their conversion to aldehydes and ketones.

Explain the mechanism of Friedel-Crafts' acylation of aromatic compounds.

Explain the reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of cleaved aldehydes and ketones from the hydroxylation of alkenes (reaction with osmium tetroxide or permanganate) of the vicinal glycols.

Explain the synthesis and reaction mechanism of ozonolysis of alkenes to form an aldehyde product.

Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 3 hours and 30 minutes .

Click here to start this lesson
- Select activity Required Learning Resources and Activities (copy) (copy)
  
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  Required Learning Resources and Activities
- Select activity Oxidation of Alcohols
  
  Oxidation of Alcohols URL
  
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  Read the entire page. (20 minutes)
  Chemistry LibreText - 2022
- Select activity Alkylation and Acylation of Aromatic Rings - The Friedel-Crafts Reaction
  
  Alkylation and Acylation of Aromatic Rings - The Friedel-Crafts Reaction URL
  
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  Read the entire page. (20 minutes)
  Chemistry LibreText - 2021
- Select activity Dihydroxylation of Alkenes
  
  Dihydroxylation of Alkenes URL
  
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  Read the entire page. (20 minutes)
  Chemistry LibreText - 2019
- Select activity Ozonolysis of Alkenes and Alkynes
  
  Ozonolysis of Alkenes and Alkynes URL
  
  Students must
  
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  Read the entire page. (10 minutes)
  Chemistry LibreText - 2023

Introduction

Course Registration

Peer Corner

Pre-Test

Announcements

Module 1: Lesson 1: Carboxylic Acids

'Carboxylic Acids'

Module 1: Lesson 2: Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids

Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

Module 1: Lesson 3: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

'Carboxylic Acid Derivatives'

Chemistry of Amines

Reactions of Amines (continued)

The Leuckart Reaction

Module 1: Lesson 4: Alpha Substitution Reactions

Carbonyl Condensations - The Aldol Reaction

Module 1: Lesson 5: Carbonyl Condensation Reactions

Decarboxylation

The Claisen Condensation Reaction

Conjugate Addition and Elimination

Carboxylation

Synthesis, Derivatives, and Reactions of Carboxylic Acids (1 hour)

Module 2: Lesson 1: Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones

Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones

Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones

Module 2: Lesson 2: Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones

Oxidation of Alcohols

Alkylation and Acylation of Aromatic Rings - The Friedel-Crafts Reaction

Dihydroxylation of Alkenes

Ozonolysis of Alkenes and Alkynes

Module 2: Lesson 3: Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones

Formation of hydrates, hemiacetals, acetals

Reaction with Primary Amines to form Imines

Cyanohydrin Formation

Addition of Hydrides to Aldehydes and Ketones

The Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones

Oxidation of Aldehydes

Synthesis, Properties, and Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones (1 hour)

Module 3: Lesson 1: General Principles of the α-hydrogen on aldehydes and ketones.

Acidity of a-Hydrogens

Module 3: Lesson 2. Enolate Chemistry

Steric Hindrance

Acidity of Aldehydes and Ketones: Enolate Ions

Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Enolate Anions

Keto-Enol Tautomerism

Alpha-carbon Reactions

α-Carbon Reactions in the Synthesis Lab - Kinetic vs. Thermodynamic Alkylation Products

Alpha Halogenation of Carbonyls

Enolate alkylation

Module 3: Lesson 3: Aldol Reactions

Introduction - Stereoselectivity

Diastereoselective

The aldol reaction

Module 4: Lesson 1: Nomenclature, Aromaticity and Aromatic Structure

Benzene and Aromaticity

Nomencalture of Aromatic Compounds

Module 4: Lesson 2: Structure and Stability of Benzene

Bond Strength and Bond Length

The Bonding in Benzene

Benzene’s Unusual Stability

Module 4: Lesson 3: Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule

Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule

Module 4: Lesson 4: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, Aromatic Nitration, Aromatic Slfonation

Aromatic Substitution Reactions

Module 4: Lesson 5: Aromatic Substitution Reactions Part II

Aromatic Substitution Reactions Part II

Reactions of Substituent Groups

Reactions of Fused Benzene Rings

Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination &amp; Addition Reactions of Benzene Derivatives

Nomenclature and Reactions of Aromatic Compounds (1 hour)

Module 5: Lesson 1: Proteins and Peptides

Structure and Properties of Amino Acids

Peptide Bond Formation

Structure of Amides

Proteins and Their Functions- An Overview

Zwitterion

Proteins

Module 5: Lesson 2: Amino Acids

'Amino Acids'

Amino Acid Structure

Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination & Addition Reactions of Benzene Derivatives