Section: Module 2: Lesson 2: Reproductive Cycle Changes | Breast Health | NextGenU.org

  • Student Learning Outcomes:
    Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
    • Describe and explain how hormonal fluctuations at different life stages influence structural and functional changes in breast tissue.
    • Explain the preparation of breast tissue for lactation.
    • Develop management plans for common lactation-related conditions.

    Click here to start this lesson

    • Required Learning Resources
    • Read the entire article. (15 minutes)

      Pol J Radiol - 2024

    • Read the entire article. (15 minutes)

      Fastest Obstetric, Gynecology, and Pediatric Insight Engine - 2025

    • Read the entire article. (15 minutes)

      Joshua Napilay - 2024

    • SLOs:

      • Outline the key stages of embryonic breast development

      • Explain hormonal influences on pubertal breast development

      • Describe breast tissue changes from adulthood through senescence

      • Describe and explain how hormonal fluctuations at different life stages influence structural and functional changes in breast tissue

      • Explain the preparation of breast tissue for lactation

      • Develop management plans for common lactation-related conditions

      General Instructions:

      In this activity, you will demonstrate your understanding of breast physiology through the development of an educational resource and critical peer review.

      Step 1: Research and Preparation

      •  First, review the slide sets on "Breast Development" and "Reproductive Cycle Changes." These will provide you with foundational knowledge about embryonic development, pubertal changes, and reproductive cycle influences on breast tissue.

      •  Then read the articles "Hormonal Regulation of Mammary Development and Milk Production" and "Breast Changes Throughout the Lifespan: A Comprehensive Review."

      •  You may also wish to review additional resources on breast physiology and lactation management for a more comprehensive understanding.

      Step 2: Create an Educational Resource

      Develop an educational resource (800-1000 words) designed for healthcare professionals that addresses the following:

      1. Create a comprehensive timeline of breast development and physiological changes from embryonic stage through senescence, highlighting key hormonal fluctuations, and specific structural and functional tissue changes (e.g., ductal proliferation, lobular development, stromal changes).

      2. Explain the physiological preparation of breast tissue for lactation, including cellular changes and hormonal regulation.

      3. Design a decision-making algorithm for the assessment and management of one   common lactation-related condition (e.g., engorgement, mastitis, insufficient milk production), including evidence-based interventions.

      4. Critically discuss how knowledge of normal breast physiology can inform clinical assessment and management of breast-related complaints across different life stages.

      Your educational resource should be evidence-based, clinically relevant, and organized in a manner that facilitates learning and application in clinical practice. Ensure it is visually appealing. You can choose to create a PowerPoint, poster or blog post. 

      Step 3: Share

      To share your work, click on the "Add a new discussion topic" button under this post and copy/paste your complete Google Document content into the "Message" box. Make sure to reference others' intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B.: references are excluded from word counts).

    • quiz icon
      Quiz: Module 2

      To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the attempt quiz button to view the case studies and respond to the questions.

      TO PASS THIS QUIZ YOU MUST OBTAIN A SCORE OF 80%.

      Not available unless: The activity Quiz: Module 1 is marked complete